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White tie, also called full evening dress, is the most formal evening dress code in Western fashion. For men, it consists of a black tailcoat worn over a white starched shirt, marcella waistcoat and the eponymous white bow tie worn around a detachable collar. High-waisted black trousers and patent leather shoes complete the outfit, although decorations can be worn and a top hat and white scarf are acceptable as accessories. Women wear full length evening dresses and, optionally, jewellery, tiaras, a small bag and evening gloves. The dress code's origins can be traced to the end of the 18th century, when high society men began abandoning their breeches, lacy shirts and richly decorated evening coats for more austere tailcoats in dark colours, a look inspired by the country gentleman. Fashionable dandies like Beau Brummell popularised a minimalist style in the Regency era, tending to favour dark blue or black tailcoats, often with trousers instead of breeches, and white shirts, waistcoats and cravats. By the 1840s the minimalist black and white combination had become the standard evening wear for upper class men. Despite the emergence of the dinner jacket (or tuxedo) as a less formal and more comfortable alternative in the 1880s, full evening dress remained the staple. At the turn of the 20th century, white became the only colour of waistcoats and ties worn with full evening dress, contrasting with black ties and waistcoats with the dinner jacket, an ensemble which became known as black tie. From the 1920s onward black tie slowly replaced white tie as the default evening wear for important events, until by the 21st century white tie had become rare. White tie now tends to be reserved for royal ceremonies—especially state dinners—and a very select group of social events such as Commemoration balls at Oxford and Cambridge universities and very formal weddings. The Vienna State Opera and the Nobel Prize ceremony are white tie events, and some Scandinavian universities retain it as the dress code for doctoral conferment ceremonies. == Description and contemporary usage == According to the British etiquette guide ''Debrett's'', the central components of full evening dress for men are a white marcella shirt with a detachable wing collar and double cuffs, fastened with studs and cufflinks; the eponymous white marcella bow tie is worn around the collar, while a low-cut marcella waistcoat is worn over the shirt. Over this is worn a black single-breasted barathea wool or ultrafine herringbone tailcoat with silk peak lapels. The trousers have double-braiding down the outside of both legs, while the correct shoes are patent leather or highly-polished black dress shoes. Although a white scarf remains acceptable in winter, the traditional white gloves, top hats, canes and cloaks are "now only seen on stage". Women wear a full-length evening dress, with the option of jewellery, a tiara, a pashmina, coat or wrap, and small evening bags. Long gloves are not compulsory. The waistcoat should not be visible below the front of the tailcoat, which necessitates a high waistline and (often) braces for the trousers. As one style writer for GQ magazine summarises "The simple rule of thumb is that you should only ever see black and white not black, white and black again". Decorations may also be worn and, unlike ''Debrett's'', Cambridge University's ''Varsity'' student newspaper suggests a top hat, opera cloak and silver-topped cane are acceptable accessories. Some invitations to white-tie events state that national costume or national dress may be substituted for white tie. White Tie is rarely worn in the early 21st century.〔 When the Costume Institute Gala announced a white tie dress code in 2014, a number of media outlets pointed out the difficulty and expense of obtaining traditional white tie, even for the celebrity guests. Nevertheless, it survives as the dress code for royal ceremonies, debutante balls, and a select group of other social events in some countries. The male form has also been adopted for some formal weddings.〔 In Britain, it is worn at some state dinners and certain May and commemoration balls at Oxford and Cambridge universities. It was the dress code for the Lord Mayor of London's Mansion House banquet until 1996, although David Cameron has worn white tie to the event as Prime Minister. In the US, white tie is worn at some state dinners, including the one held for Elizabeth II in 2007. The Vienna Opera Ball and the Nobel Prize ceremony in Sweden are white tie events; in Scandinavia, it is the traditional attire for doctoral conferments and is prescribed at some Swedish and Finnish universities, where it is worn with a doctoral hat. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「white tie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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